CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT 
A. Select the correct word from the
following list and fill in the blanks.
following list and fill in the blanks.
[ Float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation ]
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a
large scale at a place is called crop .
large scale at a place is called crop .
(b) The first step before growing crops is preparation of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would float
on top of water.
on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and water and _ nutrients
from the soil are essential.
from the soil are essential.
Match items in column A with those in column B.
|
A
|
B
|
|
|
|
(i)
|
Kharif crops
|
(e)
|
Paddy and
maize |
|
(ii)
|
Rabi crops
|
(d)
|
Wheat, gram,
pea |
|
(iii)
|
Chemical
fertilisers |
(b)
|
Urea and super
phosphate |
|
(iv)
|
Organic manure
|
(c)
|
Animal
excreta, cow dung, urine and plant waste |
C.
Give two examples of each.
Give two examples of each.
(a) Kharif crop → Paddy, maize
(b) Rabi crop → Wheat, gram
D. Write a paragraph in your own words on each
of the following.
of the following.
ANSWER
(a) Preparation of soil:
It is the first
method to be followed before growing a crop. This method is used for loosening
the soil and to allow the root to penetrate deep into it. The loosening of the
soil helps in the growth of several soil microbes, earthworms etc., which
enrich the soil with humus and other essential nutrients. Plants require
nutrients for their proper growth and functioning. The process of loosening is
called tilling or ploughing the soil. Tilling of soil brings the nutrient-rich
soil to the top. This helps the plants to utilize the nutrients for their
growth.
method to be followed before growing a crop. This method is used for loosening
the soil and to allow the root to penetrate deep into it. The loosening of the
soil helps in the growth of several soil microbes, earthworms etc., which
enrich the soil with humus and other essential nutrients. Plants require
nutrients for their proper growth and functioning. The process of loosening is
called tilling or ploughing the soil. Tilling of soil brings the nutrient-rich
soil to the top. This helps the plants to utilize the nutrients for their
growth.
(b)Sowing:
Sowing is another important step in crop
production. It is the process of placing the seed in or on the soil for future
growth. The seeds that are selected for growing should be of good quality. This
will improve the net yield of the crop. Sowing is usually done with the help of
either a traditional tool or a seed drill. The traditional tool is shaped like
a funnel. It was used earlier for sowing seeds. Nowadays, seed drills that make
the use of tractors are used for sowing seeds. This tool disperses seeds
uniformly and sows seeds at proper depth. Sowing by this method saves time and
also protects the seeds from birds.
production. It is the process of placing the seed in or on the soil for future
growth. The seeds that are selected for growing should be of good quality. This
will improve the net yield of the crop. Sowing is usually done with the help of
either a traditional tool or a seed drill. The traditional tool is shaped like
a funnel. It was used earlier for sowing seeds. Nowadays, seed drills that make
the use of tractors are used for sowing seeds. This tool disperses seeds
uniformly and sows seeds at proper depth. Sowing by this method saves time and
also protects the seeds from birds.
(c)Weeding:
The plants that grow along with the
crop are known as weeds. Weeding is the process of removing these weeds. Xanthium, Parthenium, etc.
are some common weeds. Weeds compete with the crop for nutrients, light, and
space. As a result, crop plants get lesser nutrients, light, and space for
their development. This in turn, reduces their productivity. Thus, various
weeding methods are employed.
crop are known as weeds. Weeding is the process of removing these weeds. Xanthium, Parthenium, etc.
are some common weeds. Weeds compete with the crop for nutrients, light, and
space. As a result, crop plants get lesser nutrients, light, and space for
their development. This in turn, reduces their productivity. Thus, various
weeding methods are employed.
Some important weeding methods are:
(i) Weeds can be
controlled using weedicides. It is a chemical, which is sprayed in the fields
to kill all available weeds. Weedicides are not harmful to crops.
controlled using weedicides. It is a chemical, which is sprayed in the fields
to kill all available weeds. Weedicides are not harmful to crops.
(ii) Tilling
before sowing of crops also helps in removing weeds. Tilling uproots the weeds.
The best time for removal of weeds is before they produce flowers and seeds.
before sowing of crops also helps in removing weeds. Tilling uproots the weeds.
The best time for removal of weeds is before they produce flowers and seeds.
(iii) The manual method of removing weeds is with the help
of a khurpi. It involves regular uprooting or cutting of weeds
close to the ground.
of a khurpi. It involves regular uprooting or cutting of weeds
close to the ground.
(d)Threshing:
Threshing is the process of
separating grains or seeds from chaff. It is done after harvesting the crop. It
is usually carried out with the help of a machine known as ‘Combine’. This
machine is a combined harvester and thresher. It harvests plants as well as
cleans grains.
separating grains or seeds from chaff. It is done after harvesting the crop. It
is usually carried out with the help of a machine known as ‘Combine’. This
machine is a combined harvester and thresher. It harvests plants as well as
cleans grains.
E. Explain how fertilisers are different from
manure.
manure.
Answer:
Differences
between fertilisers and manure:
Differences
between fertilisers and manure:
|
Fertiliser
|
Manure
|
|
Fertilisers
are commercially available plant nutrients. |
Manure is a
natural substance prepared by the decomposition of animal excreta and plant wastes. |
|
They can be
organic or inorganic in nature. |
Manure is
known to have a large quantity of organic materials and very little amount of plant nutrients. |
|
They ensure
healthy growth and development of plants by providing them with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. |
They help in
enriching the soil with organic matter and nutrients. |
|
The addition
of fertilisers to the soil requires special guidelines such as dose time, post addition precautions, etc., to be followed. |
The addition
of manure does not require any special guidelines. |
|
A fertilizer
does not provide any humus to the soil. |
Manure
provides humus to the soil and increases soil fertility. |
|
Its excessive
use causes water pollution. It cannot replenish organic matter of soil. |
It protects
the environment and helps in recycling farm waste. |
F.
What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
Answer:
Irrigation is the
process by which water is supplied to crops at different intervals. The time
and frequency of irrigation varies according to different seasons, crops, and
soil types. There are various sources of irrigation such as wells, canals,
rivers, dams, ponds, and lakes.
process by which water is supplied to crops at different intervals. The time
and frequency of irrigation varies according to different seasons, crops, and
soil types. There are various sources of irrigation such as wells, canals,
rivers, dams, ponds, and lakes.
Two methods of irrigation which help in conservation of
water are:
water are:
a) Sprinkler system:
This system is
more useful on uneven land, having fewer water supplies. In this method, water
is supplied using pipes to one or more central locations within the field. When
water is allowed to flow under high pressure with the help of a pump, it gets
sprinkled on the crops.
more useful on uneven land, having fewer water supplies. In this method, water
is supplied using pipes to one or more central locations within the field. When
water is allowed to flow under high pressure with the help of a pump, it gets
sprinkled on the crops.
b)Drip system:
In this system,
water is delivered at or near the roots of plants, drop by drop. This is the
most efficient method of irrigation as there is no wastage of water at all.
This method is important in areas where water availability is poor.
water is delivered at or near the roots of plants, drop by drop. This is the
most efficient method of irrigation as there is no wastage of water at all.
This method is important in areas where water availability is poor.
G.
If wheat is sown in the Kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
If wheat is sown in the Kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
If wheat is sown in the Kharif season (from June to
October), then the whole crop might get destroyed because of many factors such
as lack of optimum temperature, adaptability, availability of pests, etc. Kharif season includes the rainy
season, which is not favourable for the growth of wheat crop. Therefore, wheat
crop should not be sown during this season.
October), then the whole crop might get destroyed because of many factors such
as lack of optimum temperature, adaptability, availability of pests, etc. Kharif season includes the rainy
season, which is not favourable for the growth of wheat crop. Therefore, wheat
crop should not be sown during this season.
H. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous
plantation of crops in a field.
plantation of crops in a field.
Answer:
Continuous plantation of crops in a field makes the soil
poor in certain nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. Plants
require nutrients for their proper growth and functioning. When a farmer
continues to grow crops one after the other, then all nutrients available in
the soil reduce and the crop yield decreases automatically.
poor in certain nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. Plants
require nutrients for their proper growth and functioning. When a farmer
continues to grow crops one after the other, then all nutrients available in
the soil reduce and the crop yield decreases automatically.
I.
What are weeds? How can we control them?
What are weeds? How can we control them?
Answer:
Undesirable plants that grow along with crop plants are
known as weeds. Xanthium,
known as weeds. Xanthium,
Parthenium, etc. are some
common weeds. Weeds compete with the crop for nutrients, light, and space. As a
result, crop plants get lesser nutrients, light, and space for their
development. This in turn, reduces their productivity. Thus, various weeding
methods are employed.
common weeds. Weeds compete with the crop for nutrients, light, and space. As a
result, crop plants get lesser nutrients, light, and space for their
development. This in turn, reduces their productivity. Thus, various weeding
methods are employed.
Some important
weeding methods are:
weeding methods are:
1. Weeds can be
controlled using weedicides. It is a chemical, which is sprayed in the fields
to kill all available weeds. Weedicides are not harmful to crops.
controlled using weedicides. It is a chemical, which is sprayed in the fields
to kill all available weeds. Weedicides are not harmful to crops.
2. Tilling before
sowing of crops also helps in removing weeds. Tilling uproots the weeds. The
best time for the removal of weeds is before they produce flowers and seeds.
sowing of crops also helps in removing weeds. Tilling uproots the weeds. The
best time for the removal of weeds is before they produce flowers and seeds.
3. The manual method
of removing weeds is with the help of a khurpi. It involves regular uprooting or cutting of weeds close
to the ground.
of removing weeds is with the help of a khurpi. It involves regular uprooting or cutting of weeds close
to the ground.
J.
Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane
crop
Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane
crop
production.
|
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Answer:
Flow chart of
sugarcane crop production:
sugarcane crop production:
K.
Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below.
Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below.
Down
1.
Providing water
to the crops.
2.
Keeping crop
grains for a long time under proper conditions.
5.
Certain plants of
the same kind grown on a large scale.
1.
Providing water
to the crops.
2.
Keeping crop
grains for a long time under proper conditions.
5.
Certain plants of
the same kind grown on a large scale.
Across
3.
A machine used
for cutting the matured crop.
4.
A rabi crop that
is also one of the pulses.
6.
A process of
separating the grain from chaff.
Answer:
Down
1. IRRIGATION
2. STORAGE
5. CROP
Across
3. HARVESTOR
4. GRAM
6. WINNOWING
Watch video of Human circulatory system