NEW KINGS AND KINGDOMS IN INDIA
Important Terms – (Please note from Textbook)
A. Choose the correct option:-
1. The
Elephanta caves near Mumbai were built by the:-
Elephanta caves near Mumbai were built by the:-
(a) Rashtrakutas (b)
Palas (c) Pratiharas (d) Cholas
Palas (c) Pratiharas (d) Cholas
2. Gopala was
succeeded by:-
succeeded by:-
(a) Bhoja (b) Raja raja (c) Devepala (d) Dharampala
3. The
Pratiharas capital was at:-
Pratiharas capital was at:-
(a)Tanjore (b) Ujjain (c)
Delhi (d)
None of them
Delhi (d)
None of them
4. The smallest
unit of administration in the Chola Kingdom was:-
unit of administration in the Chola Kingdom was:-
(a) Mandalam (b) Ur (c) Nadu (d) None of them
B. Fill in the blanks:-
1.
Temples were the centres of economic and social activity.
Temples were the centres of economic and social activity.
2.
The bronze idol
of Natraja was made in the Chola Empire.
The bronze idol
of Natraja was made in the Chola Empire.
3.
Maharashtra got
its name from Rashtrakutas.
Maharashtra got
its name from Rashtrakutas.
4.
The Gurjara Pratiharas established a large empire in
the region of Gujarat and Rajasthan.
The Gurjara Pratiharas established a large empire in
the region of Gujarat and Rajasthan.
5.
The Rashtrakutas
were Samantas of the Chalukya dynasty in
Karnataka.
The Rashtrakutas
were Samantas of the Chalukya dynasty in
Karnataka.
State true or False:-
·
The
Pala Empire can be considered as `the Golden Era of Bengal`. TRUE
The
Pala Empire can be considered as `the Golden Era of Bengal`. TRUE
·
Mahmud
of Ghazni was the Sultan of the Ghaznavid dynasty of Afghanistan. TRUE
Mahmud
of Ghazni was the Sultan of the Ghaznavid dynasty of Afghanistan. TRUE
·
Mahmud
of Ghazni is rightfully called as the founder of the Muslim Empire in India. FALSE
Mahmud
of Ghazni is rightfully called as the founder of the Muslim Empire in India. FALSE
·
The
Vikramshila University was established by the Cholas. FALSE
The
Vikramshila University was established by the Cholas. FALSE
Short answer
questions:-
questions:-
Q.1 What were the theories that tell us
about the origin of the Rajputs?
about the origin of the Rajputs?
Ans- There are many theories about the origin of the Rajputs. Some
call themselves Suryavanshi, means `descendants of the Sun God`, or
Chandravanshi, means `descendants of the Moon God`. Some were called Agnikulas. They are believed to
have been born out of a fire pit.
call themselves Suryavanshi, means `descendants of the Sun God`, or
Chandravanshi, means `descendants of the Moon God`. Some were called Agnikulas. They are believed to
have been born out of a fire pit.
Q.2 Explain the Tripartite struggle.
Ans-The Tripartite Struggle for control of northern India took place
in the ninth century. The struggle was between the Pratiharas Empire, the Pala
Empire and the Rashtrakuta Empire. Towards the end of the successor of
Nagabhata II, the ruler of Pratiharas successfully attacked Kanauj and established
control there. This was short-lived as he was soon after defeated by the
Rashtrakuta ruler, Govinda III. By the end of the 9th Century the power of the
Rashtrakutas started to decline along with the Palas. This came to be known the
Later Chalukya dynasty. By the end of the tripartite struggle, the Pratiharas
emerged victorious and established themselves as the rulers of central India.
in the ninth century. The struggle was between the Pratiharas Empire, the Pala
Empire and the Rashtrakuta Empire. Towards the end of the successor of
Nagabhata II, the ruler of Pratiharas successfully attacked Kanauj and established
control there. This was short-lived as he was soon after defeated by the
Rashtrakuta ruler, Govinda III. By the end of the 9th Century the power of the
Rashtrakutas started to decline along with the Palas. This came to be known the
Later Chalukya dynasty. By the end of the tripartite struggle, the Pratiharas
emerged victorious and established themselves as the rulers of central India.
Q.3Why did Mahmud of Ghazni attack India? What did he
do with the wealth he looted?
do with the wealth he looted?
Ans-Mahmud of Ghazni was extremely courageous and ambitious. The two
main reasons that led to the conquest of India by Mahmud Ghazni. Firstly, to
accumulate the vast amount of wealth that existed in India, and secondly, to
spread Islam. Another reason was that he wanted to transform Ghazni, his
capital city, into a region of formidable power in the entire Central Asia’s
political scenario. He invaded India seventeen times and his targets were
wealthy temples against which he carried out successful expeditions. Mahmud
used the wealth to create a beautiful Ghazani which also became a centre of
fine arts and culture.
main reasons that led to the conquest of India by Mahmud Ghazni. Firstly, to
accumulate the vast amount of wealth that existed in India, and secondly, to
spread Islam. Another reason was that he wanted to transform Ghazni, his
capital city, into a region of formidable power in the entire Central Asia’s
political scenario. He invaded India seventeen times and his targets were
wealthy temples against which he carried out successful expeditions. Mahmud
used the wealth to create a beautiful Ghazani which also became a centre of
fine arts and culture.
Q.4What were the results of Mahmud`s invasion?
Ans -4 Mahmud`s invasions had far reaching effects which are
discussed as below:-
discussed as below:-
1. Punjab became
a Muslim territory for nearly 150 years.
a Muslim territory for nearly 150 years.
2. Rich Temples
and exclusive works of art were also destroyed.
and exclusive works of art were also destroyed.
3. The economy
was devastated as large amounts of wealth were carried away to Ghazani.
was devastated as large amounts of wealth were carried away to Ghazani.
4. Most
importantly, these invasions paved the way for further invasions that changed
India`s history.
importantly, these invasions paved the way for further invasions that changed
India`s history.
Q.5What is the significance of the second Battle of
Tarain?
Tarain?
Ans.5 Second battle of Tarain (1192) is regarded as one of the
turning points of Indian history. The second battle of Tarain showed clearly
the political and military weaknesses of the Indian princes. Disputes among the
Indian princes in the face of foreign aggression cost them very dearly. The
second battle of Tarain demonstrated that the Muslim invaders were far superior
to the Indian army in military skill and weapons. The second battle of Tarain
battle paved the way for foundation of the Muslim rule in India. Between 1192
and 1206 the Turkish rule had extended over the Gangetic plains of Bihar and
Bengal
turning points of Indian history. The second battle of Tarain showed clearly
the political and military weaknesses of the Indian princes. Disputes among the
Indian princes in the face of foreign aggression cost them very dearly. The
second battle of Tarain demonstrated that the Muslim invaders were far superior
to the Indian army in military skill and weapons. The second battle of Tarain
battle paved the way for foundation of the Muslim rule in India. Between 1192
and 1206 the Turkish rule had extended over the Gangetic plains of Bihar and
Bengal
Q.6 Differentiate between the first and
the Second Battle of Tarain?
the Second Battle of Tarain?
Ans.6 The first battle of Tarain took place in 1191 whereas the
Second Battle of Tarain took place in 1192.In the first Battle of Tarain;
Muhammad Ghori was defeated whereas in the second Battle of Tarain, Prithviraj
Chauhan lost the battle.
Second Battle of Tarain took place in 1192.In the first Battle of Tarain;
Muhammad Ghori was defeated whereas in the second Battle of Tarain, Prithviraj
Chauhan lost the battle.
Q.7 How did the rulers collect revenue?
Ans. -7. The
king appointed officials, often from within the family, for revenue collection.
The position was mostly hereditary.
king appointed officials, often from within the family, for revenue collection.
The position was mostly hereditary.
E. Long Answer Questions
Q.1 Why were temples important in the Chola Empire?
Ans-Temples were very important in the Chola Empire because of the
following reasons-
following reasons-
·
They were not only the place of worship, but
also the centers of social life and economic activities.
They were not only the place of worship, but
also the centers of social life and economic activities.
·
They
were used to collect revenue and get free land grants.
They
were used to collect revenue and get free land grants.
·
Festivals
were celebrated in the temples with great pomp and splendor.
Festivals
were celebrated in the temples with great pomp and splendor.
·
People
met here to discuss social problems and solve issues.
People
met here to discuss social problems and solve issues.
·
They
became centres of political power.
They
became centres of political power.
·
Schools
and even hospitals were attached to these temple complexes which were
self-sufficient communities with priests, craftsmen, dancers, musicians,
tailors, goldsmiths, accountants, cooks and many others.
Schools
and even hospitals were attached to these temple complexes which were
self-sufficient communities with priests, craftsmen, dancers, musicians,
tailors, goldsmiths, accountants, cooks and many others.
Q.1 Discuss the administrative of the Chola Empire?
Ans. The Cholas set up a three-tier administrative system which are
discussed as below-
discussed as below-
·
The
king was the head of the administration. He was considered as God`s
representative and enjoyed enormous powers. He was assisted by ministers. His
position was hereditary. The royal symbol was tiger.
The
king was the head of the administration. He was considered as God`s
representative and enjoyed enormous powers. He was assisted by ministers. His
position was hereditary. The royal symbol was tiger.
·
The
empire was divided into provinces called mandalams. These were usually headed
by a member of the royal family. Each mandalam was divided into a number of
valanadus which were further subdivided into Nadus.
The
empire was divided into provinces called mandalams. These were usually headed
by a member of the royal family. Each mandalam was divided into a number of
valanadus which were further subdivided into Nadus.
·
The
Nadus were divided into Urs or villages. The village was the smallest unit of
administration. The most outstanding feature of the Chola administration was
the village autonomy.
The
Nadus were divided into Urs or villages. The village was the smallest unit of
administration. The most outstanding feature of the Chola administration was
the village autonomy.
·
The Nadu was important unit of administration which had
representative assemblies.
The Nadu was important unit of administration which had
representative assemblies.
·
The Ur was a common assembly while the sabha consisted of learned
men.
The Ur was a common assembly while the sabha consisted of learned
men.
Q-3 Discuss the administrative of the Chola Empire?
Ans
-The Second Battle of Tarain is regarded as a turning point in the history of
India because of the following reasons:-
-The Second Battle of Tarain is regarded as a turning point in the history of
India because of the following reasons:-
·
It resulted in Muslim conquest of India.
It resulted in Muslim conquest of India.
·
Muhammad Ghori appointed Qutub-ud-din Aybak as his viceroy of his
territories in India.
Muhammad Ghori appointed Qutub-ud-din Aybak as his viceroy of his
territories in India.
·
Qutb-ud-din established the Delhi sultanate and became the first
Muslim Sultan of Delhi after the death of Muhammad of Ghor.
Qutb-ud-din established the Delhi sultanate and became the first
Muslim Sultan of Delhi after the death of Muhammad of Ghor.
HOTS
1.How
do you think the Chola kings sponsored such huge sums of money to build grand
temples?
do you think the Chola kings sponsored such huge sums of money to build grand
temples?
The splendid temples at Thanjavur and Gangaikondalcholapuram built
by the Cholas are architectural marvels of medieval India. Looking at them we
can say that in the olden days, temples were built to show the wealth of the
kingdom. The more colossal and magnificent the temples, the more rich the
kingdom was. Temples were the symbol of wealth and prosperity. Temples were
also the central hubs of activity as people settled around temples. Chola kings
sponsored huge sums of money to build temples as at that time. So to show off
their wealth, the Chola kings build grand and magnificent temples.
by the Cholas are architectural marvels of medieval India. Looking at them we
can say that in the olden days, temples were built to show the wealth of the
kingdom. The more colossal and magnificent the temples, the more rich the
kingdom was. Temples were the symbol of wealth and prosperity. Temples were
also the central hubs of activity as people settled around temples. Chola kings
sponsored huge sums of money to build temples as at that time. So to show off
their wealth, the Chola kings build grand and magnificent temples.
Value
Based
Based
1. Do you think invading a country for money is justified? What does it
tell us about the values of invaders?
tell us about the values of invaders?
Ans- Invading any country with the motive of
plundering it is not a justified. The Muslim community spread through the
Middle East through conquest. This invasion was inspired by religion, but it
was also motivated by greed and politics. I think that invading tells that the
invaders were covetous.
plundering it is not a justified. The Muslim community spread through the
Middle East through conquest. This invasion was inspired by religion, but it
was also motivated by greed and politics. I think that invading tells that the
invaders were covetous.
Life Skill
Imagine you are a
priest in a temple. Describe a day’s routine at the temple.
priest in a temple. Describe a day’s routine at the temple.
|
Temple Daily Activities/ Programs
|
Time
|
|
Kakad
Aarti (Morning Aarti) |
5:15
am |
|
Holy
Bath of Shri Saibaba |
6:00
am |
|
Darshan
Begins |
7:00
am |
|
Abhishek
|
8:00
am |
|
Shri
Sai Satya Vrata Puja (Satya Narayan Puja) |
8:00
am & 10:30 am |
|
Madhyanha
Aarti (Noon Aarti) |
12
noon |
|
Reading
of Shri Sai Satcharitra |
4:00
pm |
|
Dhuparti
(Evening Aarti) |
At
twilight |
|
Bhajan/Kirtan/
Vocal Music etc. |
8:30
to 9:30 pm |
|
Shejarti
(Night Aarti) |
10:00
pm |